Month: January 2022

  visceral pain What is visceral pain? What is it caused by? and What should you think when a pt. complains of it? Type: vague, imprecise location central, umbilical, diffuse Causes: ischemia, stretching or distention of an organ Think Autonomic NS What is parietal pain? What is it caused by? and What should you think […]

health care delivery A female patient, currently at 26 weeks gestation, has experienced a slow rise of her blood pressure over the past 2 weeks. Her urine specimen is negative for protein. She has reduced her sodium intake and has begun a walking program. The patient’s blood pressure today is 155/102, which is consistent with […]

  cancer screening Screening test for temporal arteritis sedimentation rate will be elevated Shift to the left elevated WBC, neutrophilic >70% and bands Avulsed permanent tooth transport in cold milk and put back ASAP Sensitivity detects person with disease Specificity detects person who is healthy (without disease) Cohort Study follows a group of people who […]

Blood  components Hemoglobin Males 14-18 g/dl, Females 12-16 g/dl Hematocrit Male 42-52% Female 36-48% MCV (mean corpuscular volume) 80-100 fL RCD (red cell distribution width) >14.5% Platelet count <140,000/mm3 (increased bleeding, ITP) Reticulocytes 0.5-1.5% (⬆️ acute bleeds) starting tx for vitamin deficiency (iron, B12, folate) acute hemolytic episodes Total WBC count 4,500-11,000/mm3 (⬆️ bacterial infections) […]

antibiotic  MIC Minimum inhibitory concentration  antibiotics that target the bacterial cell wall are called _____ _______. beta lactams penicillins, cephalasporins, carbapenems beta lactams include D-ALA beta-lactams are structural analogues of _____, they irreversibly bind to PBPs (penicillin binding proteins) breaking down cell well. This is called suicide inhibition. best on actively dividing. (amoxicillin & clavulanate, […]

  Generic disorders What is the first line of hypertension? Diuretics T OR F .NSAIDS (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) decrease the effects of diuretics and antihypertensives. True NSAIDS cause retention of sodium and water, increases blood pressure. Drug category Thiazide diuretics HCTZ Hydrochlorothiazide Generic fuerosemide Lasix Spironolactone spironolactone, NO BRAND NAME spironolactone/HCZ Aldactone Nitroglycerin sublingual Nitrostat […]

FNP study Pernicious anemia MCV elevated; MCHC normal; RDW elevated Sensorineural hearing loss Damage to any part of the nervous system of the ear; Aging and ongoing exposure to loud noises are common reasons. Conductive hearing loss Inability of sound to pass from the middle to the inner ear; due to a mechanical blockage such […]

  respiratory diseases Pertussis treatment macrolide (azithro) spirometry is used to demonstrate presence of Airway constriction intermittent asthma – how often have sxs? sxs < 2x/w Mild persistant asthma – how often have sxs? sxs > 2d/w Mod persistant asthma – how often have sxs? daily sxs – at least 1x/day chest tightness, cough, or […]

nursing intervention,uterine atony UTERINE ATONY inability for the uterine muscles to contract due to lack of muscle tone –> exccessive bleeding because muscle fibers cannot contract firmly around blood vessels when the placenta separates. CAUSE OF UTERINE ATONY retention of large segment of the placenta which does not allow the uterus to contract firmly around […]

Office Testing Phalen test For carpal tunnel: The patient is asked to hold their wrist in complete and forced flexion (pushing the dorsal surfaces of both hands together) for 30-60 seconds. Tinel sign For carpal tunnel: It is performed by lightly tapping (percussing) over the nerve to elicit a sensation of tingling or “pins and […]